Showing posts with label Health. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Health. Show all posts

Tinggi tempat duduk yang betul

Bagaimana menentukan ketinggian tempat duduk yang betul.

Jika anda menyangkakan bahawa menentukan ketinggian tempat duduk adalah sesuatu yang begitu asas dan semua pakar adalah sependapat tentang cara menentukannya, anda ternyata salah.

Namun semua pakar berpendapat bahawa jika ketinggian tempat duduk anda adalah salah, akibatnya adalah suatu bencana. Kajian terkini menunjukkan bahawa, tempat duduk yang terlalu rendah boleh mempercepatkan masa anda mencapai keletihan mutlak (exhaustion) sebanyak 12 peratus.

Oleh itu, biasanya bagi penunggang yang kesuntukan masa untuk latihan, mereka akan sengaja melaraskan tempat duduk lebih rendah dari paras optima bagi membuatkan kayuhan mereka lebih mencabar.

Teori di atas adalah menarik, namun untuk anda sengaja melaraskan tempat duduk ke tahap bawah optima adalah perlu untuk anda mengetahui di manakah sebenarnya kedudukan tempat duduk yang optima itu sendiri.

Teruskan membaca untuk mengetahui cara yang betul melakukannya.

1. Kaedah tumit

Kaedah ini merupakan kaedah yang selalu digunapakai oleh kebanyakan mekanik kedai basikal atau pembantu jimnasium sebaik saja anda melangkah duduk di atas basikal. Letakkan tumit kasut anda di pedal dan laraskan tempat duduk supaya kaki anda lurus semasa kedudukan pedal paling bawah dengan keadaan tulang pinggul anda dalam keadaan mendatar (pinggul kiri dan kanan adalah sebaris).

Walaupun kaedah ini biasa kita dengar, namun tiada bukti saintifik yang menyokongnya dan kaedah ini kerap akan mengakibatkan tempat duduk berada pada paras yang masih agak rendah dari yang sepatutnya.

Profesor Will Pelever dari Universiti Wanita Mississippi yang pernah menulis beberapa kertas putih membandingkan kaedah menentukan tahap ketinggian tempat duduk berkata, "Masalah utama kaedah ini ialah, ianya tidak mengambil kira perbezaan individu dari segi panjang tulang paha, betis dan kaki keseluruhannya".

2. Kaedah 109%

Kaedah yang lebih tepat telah dibangunkan oleh Hamley & Thomas dalam sebuah kertas yang dibentangkan pada 1967. Mereka telah menjalankan ujikaji dengan berbagai ketinggian tempat duduk dan mendapati bahawa tahap ketinggian paling sesuai dapat dicapai jika tempat duduk berada pada posisi 109% panjang kelakang (inseam) apabila diukur dari paksi tegak pedal ke atas tempat duduk.

Pada dasarnya panjang kelakang anda adalah jarak di antara lantai ke titik paling atas celah kangkang anda dalam keadaan anda berdiri tegak. Bagi mendapatkan ukurannya, berdiri menghadap dinding sambil mengepit senaskah buku yang tebal diantara celah kangkang anda seakan tempat duduk basikal. Sambil memastikan anda berdiri tegak dengan tumit anda rapat ke lantai, tandakan garisan di dinding di mana garisan atas buku itu menyentuh dinding.

Jarak dari lantai ke garisan yang ditandakan itu adalah panjang kelakang anda. Adalah lebih baik jika anda mengambil ukuran beberapa kali dan dapatkan nilai purata bagi mendapatkan bacaan yang paling seragam.

Kaedah ini terbukti sangat popular dan disarankan oleh ramai jurulatih peringkat tertinggi. Namun kajian terkini oleh Profesor Pelever mendapati bahawa kaedah ini adalah kurang baik berbanding dengan kaedah Holmes (sila lihat di bawah) dari segi penghasilan kuasa dan pengunaan tenaga yang ekonomi.

3. Kaedah LeMond

Ini adalah variasi popular daripada kaedah 109% yang dirintis oleh juara 3 kali Tour De France, Greg LeMond.

Dengan menggunakan nilai 88.3% panjang kelakang sebagai ukuran, tempat duduk dilaraskan supaya agar jarak di antara titik tengah bottom bracket ke atas tempat duduk adalah sama dengan 88.3% panjang kelakang anda.

Pelever juga mendapati kaedah LeMond akan menghasilkan keputusan yang berbeza dengan kaedah 109%. Walaupun kaedah ini sesuai dengan kebanyakan penunggang, namun ianya kurang sesuai untuk penunggang yang mempunyai tulang peha yang panjang.

4. Kaedah Holmes
Kaedah ini pada asalnya dibangunkan bagi mengurangkan kecederaan akibat terlebih gunapakai (over-use) dan mengambil haluan yang berbeza berbanding dengan 3 kaedah yang di atas.

Ianya menggunakan alat yang dipanggil goniometer bagi mengukur sudut di antara tulang betis dan tulang peha (berpangsikan pada sendi lutut) pada kedudukan pedal paling bawah. Holmes menyarankan nilai sudut di antara 25~35 darjah atau lebih dekat dengan 25 darjah bagi mereka yang mempunyai sejarah penyakit patella tendonitis.

Jika semua ini agak terlalu teknikal untuk anda, adalah lebih baik jika anda menggunakan 3 kaedah yang sebelum ini. Sebaliknya, anda bolehlah membeli goniometer ini dari mana-mana gedung pembekal alatan perubatan yang besar.

Kajian Pelever menunjukkan bahawa kaedah melaraskan tempat duduk anda berdasarkan kedudukan sudut tulang betis 25 darjah adalah lebih berkesan berbanding dengan kaedah lain. "Menggunakan goniometer dan sudut 25 darjah adalah kaedah yang saya sarankan" katanya.

Jangan terlalu bergantung kepada tahap keselesaan semata-mata. "Jika anda sudah biasa mengayuh dengan keadaan tempat duduk di bawah paras optima, anda mungkin akan berasa janggal pada peringkat permulaan menggunakan kaedah 25 darjah ini" kata Pelever.

"Namun, setelah badan anda mula serasi (selalunya dalam 2 hingga 3 minggu) , posisi baru ini bukan sahaja akan lebih selesa, ia juga akan membawa kepada peningkatan dari segi prestasi untuk jangka masa panjang."

Jika anda masih berasa kurang selesa setelah beberapa minggu, anda perlulah membuat pelarasan yang sepatutnya. Adalah lebih baik jika kaedah 25 darjah digunakan sebagai titik permulaan. Minta bantuan rakan anda untuk memerhatikan dari belakang bagi memastikan bahawa kedudukan tulang pinggul anda stabil (tiada pergerakan naik turun, ke hadapan atau belakang yang keterlaluan akibat daripada jangkauan yang keterlaluan semasa kedudukan pedal paling bawah). Jika ini berlaku, sudut ini perlu ditambah sedikit nilainya bagi meningkatkan keselesaan.

"Setelah selesai membuat penyesuaian bagi seseorang penunggang itu dengan basikalnya, selalunya sudut tulang betis mereka adalah di antara 25 hingga 30 darjah, tetapi lebih kerap pada 25 darjah setiap kali." kata Pelever.

Artikel asal : Nick Morgan
Terjemahan : Wan
Disclaimer : Penterjemah tidak akan bertanggungjawab jika sekiranya berlaku sebarang kecederaan, kemalangan dan sebagainya akibat dari aplikasi kaedah yang disebutkan di atas.

Tips for beginners

found this article from a site down under done by bicycle victoria. might be useful for beginners.

Cycling is a great form of exercise, and it’s fun. There are lots of health benefits associated with regular cycling. Your cardiovascular fitness will improve and this means you’ll lower your risk of heart attack and stroke. Pedalling is low impact, so you can improve muscle tone without stressing your knee and ankle joints.

The bicycle
Suggestions include:

  • Make sure your bicycle is appropriate for your height and needs. Ask staff at bike shops for help when choosing a new bicycle.
  • Have your bicycle professionally serviced once every year.
  • Regularly check your bike yourself, perhaps once a week, to make sure it is in good repair. Check the tyres, bearings, gears, nuts and bolts, and lubricate the chain and cables. If you’re not sure how to do this, consult with staff at bicycle stores or bicycle repair shops.
  • Adjust your saddle for your leg length. Your knee should be only slightly bent when your foot is on the pedal with your leg fully extended. You risk knee strain if your knees are too bent.
  • Your handlebars should be positioned about five centimetres lower than your saddle height.
  • Narrow seats may be uncomfortable, particularly for women. Opt for a wider saddle or a gel-filled saddle. You could also pad the seat with a sheepskin cover or similar.

The helmet
Suggestions include:

  • Always wear a helmet. Research suggests that wearing a helmet reduces the risk of head injury by up to 60 per cent.
  • If your helmet hits the road or an object, replace it even if it still looks okay.
  • Look after your helmet. Keep it out of direct sunlight when not in use, and clean it strictly according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

General health and safety suggestions
Suggestions include:

  • Let someone know your intended route and what time you think you’ll be back.
  • Wear sunscreen on skin not covered by clothing.
  • Take a drink with you to reduce the risk of dehydration.
  • Pack identification, money and your mobile phone (if you have one) in case of emergencies.
  • Don’t wear headphones. You need to hear what’s going on around you.
  • Cycling shorts reduce the risk of skin irritation because the material doesn’t bunch and rub against your buttocks.

Road rules
Suggestions include:

  • Treat your bicycle as you would your car, and obey the road rules. Don’t ride on the wrong side of the road or coast through red lights, for example.
  • Flag your intention to turn by hand signalling or using your indicators if your bicycle has them.
  • When turning right, perform a hook turn from the left side of the road.
  • Ride in a predictable way, about one metre out from parked cars.

Visibility on the roads
Suggestions include:

  • Always wear brightly coloured clothing. It is harder for motorists to see you if you are dressed in dark or dull colours.
  • Fluorescent fabrics markedly increase your visibility to other road users.
  • Have lights fitted to your bike, front and back, for night riding.
  • Reflective garments, including reflectors fitted to the back of your shoes, can increase your visibility at night.

Riding tactics
Suggestions include:

  • Altering your riding position from time to time reduces the risk of muscle overuse, stiffness and soreness.
  • Pedalling in high gear for a long time will stress your knee joints. Switch to lower gears whenever you can.
  • Maintain the same cycling rhythm when going uphill by changing gears.
  • Once you’ve crested the hill, avoid the temptation to coast down the other side. Pedal a little bit to reduce the risk of lactic acid build-up in your leg muscles.
  • Avoid using your brakes continuously when riding down a long hill, because you may overheat your brakes and consequently your tyres. Hot tyres are more likely to burst. Instead, apply the brakes gently and intermittently.
  • Ride defensively. Don’t assume that car drivers have seen you. Make eye contact with car drivers when negotiating turns or intersections.

Things to remember

  • Wearing a helmet reduces the risk of head injury by up to 60 per cent.
  • Treat your bicycle as you would your car, and obey the road rules.
  • Boost your visibility on the roads by always wearing brightly coloured clothing, and by fitting your bicycle with lights for night riding.

ciao!

What to eat before, during and after your ride

By : Jennifer Eblin, Jan 21st 2008

Did you know the way that you eat can influence your cycling performance? Certain foods can make you feel your best, while other foods may slow you down. Eating the right foods not only can help your performance but also give you more energy and help fight any muscle fatigue you may be feeling. If you've noticed yourself feeling a little tired on your rides lately, then try a few of these simple tips.

Let's start by looking at things you can do before your ride to make your cycling its best. You should try to avoid heavy foods. Imagine riding down the road while holding a concrete block on your stomach. Does that sound like fun? Of course not, but if you eat heavier foods, this is exactly how you will feel on your cycling trip. Instead you need to look for low fat foods that are high in complex carbohydrates and proteins. Low sugar cereals mixed with fresh fruit and skim milk is a good option. You can also try an energy bar, a peeled banana, or a handful of nuts. You should also avoid caffeine drinks prior to cycling. Caffeine not only dries out the body, but also works as a natural diuretic. Instead of caffeine or overpriced energy drinks, try drinking water. H2O evenly hydrates the body without adding any unnatural elements into the body.

You can also watch what you eat during your bike ride. Obviously a trip around the block probably won't require snacks, but in longer cycling trips, snacks become necessary. The problem is that many riders focus on quick fix solutions during their ride. They grab the nearest candy bar or bag of chips, which is a mistake. High sugar foods make a rider feel satisfied, and may provide some energy, but those empty calories will burn off before you know it. Instead pack a few things that you can carry with you and are easy to eat on the go. While cycling you are going to need a snack at least every half-hour. Try an energy bar, a piece of fruit, or a small peanut butter sandwich. Remember that you'll need to keep drinking water during your ride too.

Don't think that once you're done with your bike ride that you can neglect proper nutrition. The first few hours after cycling are just as important as anything you do before, or after your ride. Your body may feel dehydrated and weak, and you will need to replace any lost nutrients. One easy way to do this is to consume a meal reach in protein. Hard boiled eggs, grilled chicken, and low fat beef are all good options. If you're in a hurry, or on the run try drinking a quick protein shake. You'll find the same nutrients in a convenient size.

Try using some of these tips the next time you plan on cycling, and you'll be amazed at the results.


Super drink

By : Kate Hodgins, Cycling Plus, 12th April 2010

“Our studies looked at the potential application of milk to the sports performer, with particular emphasis on endurance performance and recovery from strenuous exercise,” said sports nutritionist Dr Phil Watson from Loughborough University.

“The most striking outcome was the effectiveness of milk to restore fluid losses following exercise. This suggests that milk is indeed an ideal post-exercise recovery fluid, effectively replacing sweat losses incurred during exercise and replenishing the body’s carbohydrate stores.”

Topping up with carbohydrate directly after exercise is essential and ideally you should also aim to down some protein as this helps repair damaged muscle. As milk contains both it’s a good option post ride.

Although both low fat and whole milk provide the same electrolytes and minerals, low fat milk is often more palatable and thirst quenching. Also, the fat content of whole milk is more likely to lead to uncomfortable feelings of fullness (even for those who aren’t lactose intolerant).

“The more energy-dense a solution, the more slowly it empties from the stomach,” says Dr Watson, “so skimmed milk is seen as less likely than whole milk to cause symptoms of gastrointestinal distress or bloating.”

Stuart Phillips, from the Exercise Metabolism Research Group at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, also conducted research into milk consumption after resistance exercise, finding that drinking milk after exercise promotes better fluid retention than a traditional eight percent isotonic sports drink.

“Milk contains the protein that seems to suit muscle repair best. Its unique blend of casein and whey contain amino acids in a pattern similar to muscle protein,” says Phillips. “It also has other essential minerals and nutrients that our bodies need, so it’s a convenient package of nutrients and good for you.”

What's in it for us?

100ml of skimmed milk contains:

  • 35kcal energy: Measured in calories, it’s an essential aspect of being able to exercise.
  • 1.7g protein: Helps the body to repair and strengthen muscles.
  • 4.5g carbohydrate: Needed for energy; the more you ride, the more you need. Carbohydrate is stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen.
  • 0.3g fat: Supplies some vitamins and essential fatty acids (EFAs). Too much can lead to clogging arteries and obesity.
  • 22.5% RDA riboflavin: Helps maintain healthy membranes in your skin, eyes and nervous system. It also helps produce steroids and red blood cells.
  • 20% RDA vitamin B12: Helps release energy from our food, make red blood cells and keep the nervous system healthy.
  • 5% RDA vitamin C: Required for the growth and repair of tissues.
  • 17.5% RDA calcium: Has been shown to decrease the accumulation of body fat and hasten weight loss during energy restriction.

Any alternatives?

Unfortunately, if you're lactose intolerant, dairy milk won’t agree with you and the soy milk you might drink instead doesn’t seem to be quite as good. “Soy drinks that try to mimic milk do nowhere near as well as milk because the protein is entirely different and the nutrients are simply thrown together to create a drink,” says Stuart Phillips of McMaster University. “Our data shows that soy protein is inferior to milk in promoting muscle accretion and muscle protein synthesis.”

But if it’s just the taste of milk you don’t like, then there’s good news, because a study last year claimed that chocolate flavoured milk is even better for you! The study, carried out on 13 university football players, found that players who had been drinking chocolate milk had lower levels of the chemical creatine kinase, which is a sign of muscle breakdown.